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Design of Digital Baby Scale
Trněná, Eliška ; Sládek, Josef (referee) ; Rubínová, Dana (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the design of baby scales for medical facilities. The aim is a design with an unique shape that meets the technical, ergonomic and safety requirements associated with weighing children. The work is based on the analysis of the current state of knowledge, the shape fits into the environment of pediatrics. The design guarantees safety for infants, the possibility of comfortable handling of the device and emphasizes aesthetics and visual friendliness.
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Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines Proposal for Children Aged 3-18 with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Homolková, Simona ; Dvořáková, Petra (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
Thesis abstract Name, Surname: Bc. Simona Homolková Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Dvořáková Thesis Title: Occupational Therapy Practise Guidelines Proposal in Children aged 3-18 years with Developmental Coordination Disorder Abstract: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a prevalence of 6 % among children in the population. The cause of this condition is unknown, but there are known risk factors, such as very low birth weight or maternal exposure to drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms include coordination difficulties, impaired motor learning and planning, executive function challenges, and overall mental health vulnerabilities. Each child exhibits different manifestations, and comprehensive care is required, provided by an interprofessional team, which includes occupational therapists. Occupational therapists should base their practice on high-quality care standards. Just like in medicine, there are currently global trends in occupational therapy towards developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), which are still lacking, especially in the field of occupational therapy. CPGs primarily serve to improve and standardize care. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for clinical practice guidelines in occupational therapy for developmental...
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The role of the pediatric nurse in providing laboratory newborn screening
STEINBAUEROVÁ, Julie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the pediatric nurse in newborn laboratory screening. The pediatric nurse has an indispensable role in the entire process, educating parents prior to collection, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to testing, preparing supplies, performing the actual collection, checking and preparing the collected specimens for shipment to the screening laboratory. Although the thesis is primarily focused on maternal education prior to collection and possible errors during collection that may negatively affect the results of the examination, the theoretical and practical part of the thesis also covers other topics related to newborn laboratory screening, not least the description of the methodology of the correct collection procedure and subsequent verification of knowledge of its principles in a research investigation with nurses. The first objective was to describe the process of maternal education by the pediatric nurse prior to collection. The second objective was to determine the knowledge of pediatric nurses about the negative impact of substandard blood collection on screening outcome. The research part of the study was based on qualitative research, using the interview method. Data collection was carried out using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from neonatology departments of selected Prague hospitals. Data analysis was done by pencil paper method, then the results were divided into three categories and described in diagrams. The survey found that nurses perceive the language barrier as the biggest difficulty in educating mothers before delivery, but they have resources available to help them overcome this barrier in practice. It was also found that nurses are well informed and have sufficient knowledge about the principles of dry drop blood collection. The most common errors in collection were described by nurses as insufficient or incorrectly filled in targets on the filter paper and illegible data on the screening card. This work can be used to educate pediatric nurses, and recommendations for practice include focusing on non-pharmacological methods of procedural pain relief for newborns during collection and checking specimens before sending them to screening laboratories to avoid unnecessary repeat collections.
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Problems of Autism Spectrum Disorders from the perspective of pediatricians
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autism spectrum disorders from the perspective of pediatricians. The aim of this thesis is to identify how general practitioners for children and adolescents in the South Bohemia region carry out screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders in their practices and how they proceed in case of a positive result. The sub-objective was to find out what general practitioners for children and adolescents see as the biggest problem in the diagnostic process for these children. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to individual autism spectrum disorders, the second chapter explains the so-called "triad" of problem areas, the third describes screening and diagnostic tools, and the last chapter focuses on the possibilities of care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part is conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from pediatric and adolescent general practitioners. Furthermore, two case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder are presented in this part. Semi-structured interviews with parents and educational staff and a desk study were also used to collect data for the case studies. The data obtained show that general practitioners for children and adolescents perform screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders during regular preventive examinations at 18 months of the child and repeat the screening again after six months in case of a positive result. Child and adolescent practitioners see the biggest problem in the diagnostic process as the lack of specialists to follow up their work.
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Šugrová, Kristína ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients Author: Kristína Šugrová Tutor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis represents the most frequent indication to a surgical abdominal intervention in population of paediatric patients. In case of complications, such as abscess, periappendicular infiltrate or perforation with peritonitis, it can even lead to a life- threatening condition. The aim of this study was to analyse antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in paediatric patients undergoing open appendectomy, as well as antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis. Another aim was to compare the administration of antibiotics (ATB) before and after the implementation of recommended hospital procedures (RHP). Subsequently, to monitor the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay and their association with ATB administration and other risk factors. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study was carried out. Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent an open appendectomy at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové between years 2014 and...
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in laparoscopic appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Opatovská, Tamara ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Malá, Kateřina (referee)
Analysis of prescribing antibiotics for laparoscopic appendectomies in a paediatric patient population Author: Tamara Opatovská Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Domecký Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis is one of the most common acute diagnoses in paediatric population. Incorrect diagnosis, poorly performed antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) or treatment can lead to life-threatening complications such as perforation, peritonitis, periappendiceal infiltrate or abscess. The aim of this study was to analyse the administration of antibiotics (ATB) as a part of prophylaxis before appendectomy and as part of the therapy of complicated appendicitis in the paediatric population and to compare the obtained results. Specifically, 2 periods were compared - before and after the introduction of the recommended hospital procedure (RHP; 22. 06. 2017). The partial goal of the study was to identify factors that influenced the occurrence of complications and length of hospitalization in the monitored population. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study took place at the Clinic od paediatric surgery and traumatology at the University hospital Hradec Králové. Data were collected from...
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Telerehabilitation Intervention in Pediatric Occupational Therapy
Lukešová, Olga ; Janatová, Markéta (advisor) ; Hoidekrová, Kristýna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Olga Lukešová Thesis supervisor: MUDr. Markéta Janatová Thesis consultant: Bc. Zuzana Rodová, M.Sc. Title: Telerehabilitation Intervention in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of telerehabilitation in pediatric occupational therapy with pre-school children. At the beginning terminology and history of telerehabilitation is discussed. The thesis continues with evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy and selection of suitable guidelines for practical part of thesis. In practical part, the occupational therapy intervention with two pre-school children is designed and carried out. The occupational therapy plan was designed, and in accordance with the plan the aids were made for the use of family as ergo box. The telerehabilitation intervention took place in the form of weekly consultations with parent. During the consultations, parents were given the tasks for the child for the next week and the progress of the previous week was evaluated. At the end of intervention, the achievement of designed goals was evaluated, and other information was obtained from the questionnaire of satisfaction with the telerehabilitation. The experience gained from...
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Children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital care
SLAVĚTÍNSKÁ, Sára
The bachelor's thesis deals with the children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital emergency care. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the matters of childhood, its specifics and division. It also focuses on the clinical picture, complications, prevention and treatment of febrile convulsions in children in prehospital emergency care. There were two goals set in the practical part. The first goal was to map and compare the procedure of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. The second goal was to map the knowledge of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. Two research questions were also identified: How are paramedics in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and Vysocina providing pre-hospital care to children with febrile convulsions and what is the knowledge of paramedics about febrile convulsions in children? To obtain the necessary data, the method of qualitative research was used through the semi-structured interviews with 10 paramedics of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region at the regional center in Ceske Budejovice and Medical Rescue Services of the Vysocina Region in Trebic. Respondents were answering sets of 16 questions and the outcome was categorized into 13 categories, which succeeded in meeting both goals and at the same time answered both research questions.The research found that the interviewed paramedics do have sufficient knowledge about the causes of febrile convulsions and what their basic therapy is. Unfortunately, they don't know a division of children age well enough. All respondents agreed that they were afraid of the diagnosis of Febrile convulsions precisely because of the pediatric patients and that the knowledge in the field of pediatrics is not their strongside. There was no significant difference between the two regions in the answers concerning the procedures of febrile convulsions in children in pre-hospital emergency care.
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Biochemical predictors of the treatment failure in pediatric IBD patients
Zárubová, Kristýna ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee) ; Petrášová, Miroslava (referee)
Up to 20 % of patients with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) is diagnosed in childhood, the course of the disease tends to often be more severe and the treatment more difficult than in case of adults. Therefore, it is necessary to commence or eventually change the treatment in order to prevent development of complications. Early detection of relapse plays significant role for further course of the disease and general prognosis of the patient. Changes to laboratory parameters (e.g. to the level of fecal calprotectin) can significantly prevent the development of clinical symptoms and may indicate the necessity for control endoscopy, further escalation or change in therapy. The primary focus of this thesis are patients who underwent surgical bowel resection, who constitute one of the risk groups. Studies show that as many as 70 % of patients suffering from Crohn's disease reach the point of bowel surgery within the first 10 years of the diagnosis. According to the results, a promising predictor of relapse of the disease seems to be serum albumin, which may relate to the overall nutritional status of the organism. We have also examined the effectivity of using fecal calprotectin and CRP as relapse predictors. Testing directly in the resected bowel did not prove usability of calprotectin as a predictor,...
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The Impact of a dietitian guidance on a weight management of obese children
Bučková, Kristýna ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Kosheleva, Svetlana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of childhood obesity and the impact of dietitian education on its prevention and treatment. The theoretical part defines owerweight and obesity in children and adolescents, its prevalence, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The practical part is based on data drawn retrospectively from the medical documentation of the dietitian's and obesitologist's outpatient's department of the Department of Pediatrics and Hereditady Metabolic Disorders of the General Hospital in Prague. Data for the period from 1st January 2018 to 1st February 2022 were examined in 58 patients aged 3 months to 18 years 5 months with overweight or obesity. Only patients whose overweight or obesity was caused by a positive energy balance were included in the study. The data included the pacient's anthropometric parameters at birth and during the treatment, blood pressure, uric acid levels and fasting blood glucose. The patient's parents BMI was found out at the beginning of the child's treatment. The main goal of the research was to assess the effect of dietitian guidance in long-term cooperating overweight and obese patients compared to patients who visited the dietitian's outpatient's department once or not at all (although it was offered). In particular, the effect on changes...
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